How high humidity increase heat waves

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  1. Increases "Feels Like" Temperature (Heat Index)
    • Humidity measures the amount of water vapor in the air. When humidity is high, the air feels heavier and hotter than the actual temperature.
    • The heat index combines air temperature and relative humidity to reflect how hot it feels to the human body. For example, at 90°F (32°C) with 70% humidity, the heat index can soar to 105°F (41°C) or higher, making conditions feel dangerously oppressive.
    • High humidity during heat waves can push the heat index into extreme ranges, increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses like heat exhaustion or heat stroke.
  2. Hampers Sweat Evaporation
    • The body cools itself by sweating, as evaporating sweat dissipates heat from the skin.
    • In high humidity, the air is already saturated with moisture, slowing or preventing sweat evaporation. This traps heat in the body, raising core temperatures and making it harder to stay cool.
    • During heat waves, this impaired cooling mechanism can lead to overheating, especially during physical activity or in unventilated spaces.
  3. Amplifies Health Risks
    • High humidity combined with high temperatures strains the cardiovascular system, as the body works harder to regulate its temperature.
    • Vulnerable groups—such as the elderly, children, and those with preexisting conditions—are at greater risk of dehydration, heat stroke, and respiratory issues.
    • Humid heat waves can also worsen air quality by trapping pollutants, exacerbating conditions like asthma.
  4. Prolongs and Intensifies Heat Waves
    • Moist air retains heat more effectively than dry air, causing temperatures to stay elevated, especially at night. This reduces overnight cooling, offering little relief during prolonged heat waves.
    • High humidity can fuel weather patterns that sustain heat waves, such as stagnant high-pressure systems that trap warm, moist air.
  5. Urban Heat Island Effect
    • In cities, high humidity combines with the urban heat island effect—where concrete and asphalt absorb and radiate heat—to create even more intense conditions.
    • Urban areas with poor ventilation and high moisture levels can become unbearable, disproportionately affecting residents without access to air conditioning.